Commuting is periodically recurring travel between one's place of residence and place of work or study, where the traveler, referred to as a commuter, leaves the boundary of their home community.[1] By extension, it can sometimes be any regular or often repeated travel between locations, even when not work-related. The modes of travel, time taken and distance traveled in commuting varies widely across the globe. Most people in least-developed countries continue to walk to work. The cheapest method of commuting after walking is usually by bicycle, so this is common in low-income countries, but is also increasingly practised by people in wealthier countries for environmental and health reasons. In middle-income countries, motorcycle commuting is very common. The next technology adopted as countries develop is more dependent on location: in more populous, older cities, especially in Eurasia mass transit (rail, bus, etc.) predominates, while in smaller, younger cities, and large parts of North America and Australasia, commuting by personal automobile is more common. A small number of very wealthy people, and those working in remote locations around the world, also commute by air travel, often for a week or more at a time rather than the more typical daily commute. Transportation links that enable commuting also impact the physical layout of cities and regions, allowing a distinction to arise between mostly-residential suburbs and the more economically focused urban core of a city (process known as suburban sprawl), but the specifics of how that distinction is realized remain drastically different between societies, with Eurasian "suburbs" often being more densely populated than North American "urban cores".
The word commuter derives from early days of rail travel in US cities, such as New York, Philadelphia, Boston and Chicago, where, in the 1840s, the railways engendered suburbs from which travellers paying a reduced or 'commuted' fare into the city. Later, the back formations "commute" and "commuter" were coined therefrom. Commuted tickets would usually allow the traveller to repeat the same journey as often as they liked during the period of validity: normally, the longer the period the cheaper the cost per day.[3]
Hindi The Commuter (English)
Before the 19th century, most workers lived less than an hour's walk from their work. The Industrial Revolution brought specialization of work and workplaces, and relocated most paid work from households and rural areas to factories in urban areas.[4] Today, many people travel daily to work a long way from their own towns, cities, and villages, especially in industrialised societies. Depending on factors such as the high cost of housing in city centres, lack of public transit, and traffic congestion, modes of travel may include automobiles, motorcycles, trains, aircraft, buses, and bicycles. Where Los Angeles is infamous for its automobile gridlock, commuting in New York is closely associated with the subway; in London and Tokyo and several European cities, "commuter" is automatically associated with rail passengers.[5] In the near future[when?] there may be another move away from the traditional "commute" with the introduction of flexible working. Some have suggested that many employees would be far more productive and live healthier, stress-free lives if the daily commute is removed completely.
Commuting has had a large impact on modern life. It has allowed cities to grow to sizes that were previously not practical, and it has led to the proliferation of suburbs. Many large cities or conurbations are surrounded by commuter belts, also known as metropolitan areas, commuter towns, dormitory towns, or bedroom communities. The prototypical commuter lives in one of these areas and travels daily to work or to school in the core city.
As urban sprawl pushes farther and farther away from central business districts, new businesses can appear in outlying cities, leading to the existence of the reverse commuter who lives in a core city but works in the suburbs, and to a type of secondary commuter who lives in a more distant exurb and works in the outlying city or industrial suburb.
Most commuters travel at the same time of day, resulting in the morning and evening rush hours, with congestion on roads and public transport systems not designed or maintained well enough to cope with the peak demands. As an example, Interstate 405 located in Southern California is one of the busiest freeways in the United States. Commuters may sit up to two hours in traffic during rush hour. Construction work or collisions on the freeway distract and slow down commuters, contributing to even longer delays.
Cars carrying only one occupant use fuel and roads less efficiently than shared cars or public transport, and increase traffic congestion. Commuting by car is a major factor contributing to air pollution. Carpool lanes can help commuters reach their destinations more quickly, encourage people to socialize, and spend time together, while reducing air pollution.
At least that's what Sanjeev Dyamnavar, a transport expert told DC as we did a recce on the new Green Line on Monday. "Though I am sure that there are toilets in the Kempegowda station, I have not been able to find them. I could not find them at the newly opened Yelachenahalli station either. There are no proper signs informing commuters about where the restroom facilities are located," he said.
As a child in grade school, my parents were always amazed by the amount of mathematical calculations I could do in my head. I attended the Field School of Washington, D.C. as a 7th grade middle school student, and that opened the doors to my inquisitive journey in mathematics. As a commuter from Laytonsville, MD, I strived to be efficient like my older brother. I quickly learned to be independent, patient and disciplined. Time was always a concern of mine because of my long commute. At an early age, I found that doing things the right way maximized my options and unveiled personal long-term satisfaction. I used the same approach to succeed in my math courses as I did to become a successful commuter. I was able to use my creative and critical thinking skills to easily apply proven mathematical strategies. I passed AP Calculus during my junior year in high school and was accepted to one of the top ABET accredited undergraduate programs in the country, Bucknell University, to pursue my interests in Mechanical Engineering.At Bucknell University, I was privileged to have the opportunity to work with youth. As a sophomore, I volunteered at the Donald Heiter Community Center, where I helped grade school students accomplish their homework assignments and sharpen their reading skills. As a senior, I became a collegiate member of the National Society of Black Engineers and was the Vice President of Bucknell's local chapter. I took it upon myself to be a mentor. I provided words of motivation, established a "we can do anything" mentality and aided my fellow peers with their fundamental engineering courses. I not only accomplished my goal of graduating with a Bachelor's of Science in Mechanical Engineering and a minor in Mathematics, I also developed my personal skills. I focused on being diligent. Treating my workload like a giant math problem and my ability to organize, prioritize and execute accelerated. I became an efficient communicator, vocally and in writing, and developed a keen eye for detail. Through extensive personal reflection, I realized I wanted to use my experience to relate to people, develop a greater sense of community and promote societal integrity.After graduating, I found that my inquisitive and proactive nature would never dissipate. I enjoy asking questions, searching for answers, solidifying conclusions with experiences and sharing my journeys with others. I aspire to be a leader."It is not the critic who counts; not the man who points out how the strong man stumbles, or where the doer of deeds could have done them better. The credit belongs to the man who is actually in the arena, whose face is marred by dust and sweat and blood; who strives valiantly; who errs, who comes short again and again, because there is no effort without error and shortcoming; but who does actually strive to do the deeds; who knows great enthusiasms, the great devotions; who spends himself in a worthy cause; who at the best knows in the end the triumph of high achievement, and who at the worst, if he fails, at least fails while daring greatly, so that his place shall never be with those cold and timid souls who neither know victory nor defeat." Theodore Roosevelt
Beginning January 16, 2023, West Woods Drive will be closed to traffic for several days between Valley Crossing Drive and Hess Lane. Signage will be in place to direct traffic. The NLCRPD reminds motorists to obey the traffic signs to help ensure the safety of the construction personnel working in the area. Daily commuters are encouraged to preplan alternate routes around this area.
Mumbai's residents have a wide choice of public transport to choose from; the popularity of the public commuter rail and bus networks stems from the acute shortage of parking spaces, perennial traffic bottlenecks and generally poor road conditions, especially during the monsoon. 2ff7e9595c
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